Salom\u0117ja Zaksait\u0117 presented the practice of investigating manipulation of sports competition at a Conference on sports integrity in Rome, which was organised by the Enlarged Partial Agreement on Sport (EPAS) of the Council of Europe and the Italian Department for Sport within the framework of the Italian Chairmanship of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. At the outset of her presentation, the researcher indicated that the situation in chess and similar smaller sports federations appears to be stuck in the past, but she expressed hope that things were improving. Smaller federations' limited research capacities were discussed. The International Chess Federation, for example, has no authority to require that laptops or mobile phones be handed over when investigating manipulations. In addition, the investigation is hampered by a lack of finances and personnel.<\/p>\n
Even in such a condition, though, some answers can be found. One of options is to shift the burden of proof to the tournament organizers, asking them to show that the competition was not manipulated. If this isn\u2019t done, the competition won\u2019t be rated, and international norms won\u2019t be granted. It\u2019s critical to remember that in this case, the penalties can only be disciplinary rather than criminal. Another alternative is incriminating the abuse of the game. A step like this demands a lot less probative power.<\/p>\n
Visgi, net ir esant tokiai situacijai, \u012fmanoma atrasti nauj\u0173 i\u0161ei\u010di\u0173. Viena j\u0173\u00a0\u2013 \u201eapversti\u201c \u012frodin\u0117jimo pareig\u0105, perleid\u017eiant j\u0105 turnyr\u0173 organizatoriams. Tokiu b\u016bdu jau pastarieji tur\u0117s \u012frodyti, kad var\u017eybos nebuvo manipuliuojamos. Ne\u012fvykd\u017eius atitinkamos pareigos, var\u017eybos neb\u016bt\u0173 reitinguojamos bei ne\u012fskaitomos tarptautin\u0117s normos. Svarbu pabr\u0117\u017eti, kad tokiu atveju sankcijos tegali b\u016bti drausminio, o ne baud\u017eiamojo pob\u016bd\u017eio. Kitas b\u016bdas i\u0161eiti i\u0161 susidariusios situacijos\u00a0\u2013 inkriminuoti ne manipuliacijas sporto var\u017eybomis, o piktnaud\u017eiavim\u0105 \u017eaidimu. Atitinkamas \u017eingsnis taip pat reikalaut\u0173 kur kas ma\u017eesn\u0117s \u012frodomosios galios.<\/p>\n
U\u017ebaigdama prane\u0161im\u0105, mokslinink\u0117 konferencijos dalyvius perk\u0117l\u0117 ant Leonardo da Vin\u010dio prie\u0161 500\u00a0met\u0173 sukurto kritin\u0117s pad\u0117ties tilto. Anks\u010diau aptarta federacij\u0173 kovos su manipuliavimu sporto var\u017eybomis situacija, pasak jos, \u0161iek tiek primena tok\u012f ital\u0173 genijaus sukurt\u0105 tilt\u0105, kuris neturi nei vini\u0173, nei virvi\u0173, ta\u010diau d\u0117l gravitacijos vis tiek i\u0161silaiko. Kad ir kaip b\u016bt\u0173 paradoksalu, ta\u010diau tokia situacija gali b\u016bti netgi pamokanti\u00a0\u2013 netur\u0117dama baud\u017eiamajai justicijai priskiriam\u0173 funkcij\u0173, \u0161achmat\u0173 bendruomen\u0117 vis tiek eina tinkama linkme ir k\u016brybingais b\u016bdais bando kovoti su manipuliacijomis sporto var\u017eybomis.<\/p>\n